German pows watching footage of the concentration camps in 1945 in 1933, the first nazi concentration camp was built in dachau, germany to imprison dissidents. The holocaust wikibooks, open books for an open world. Night delivers an autobiographical account of elie wiesels survival in one of the deadliest camps of the holocaust. The journal begins on april 7, 1942, when berr was a 21yearold student of english literature at the sorbonne.
Aside from maus, this is one of the greatest books about the holocaust you will find. Dec 18, 2014 slave labor in nazi concentration camps examines the slave labor carried out by concentration camp prisoners from 1942 and the effect this had on the german wartime economy. The system of about 20,000 concentration camps in germany. By the end of world war ii, the nazis administered a massive system of more than 40,000 camps that stretched across europe from the frenchspanish border into the conquered soviet territories, and as far south as greece and north africa. List of books and articles about concentration camps online. Inmates in concentration camps were also usually subject to forced labour. As allied forces approached nazi camps, the ss organized death marches forced evacuations of concentration camp inmates, in part to keep large numbers of concentration camp prisoners from falling into allied hands. Typically, this was long hours of hard physical labour, though this varied across different camps.
The shark island concentration camp in luderitz was the largest camp and the one with the harshest conditions. Konzentrationslager, kl or kz throughout the territories it controlled before and during the second world war. Learn about over 1,000 camps and ghettos in volume i and ii of this encyclopedia, which are available as a free pdf download. In 1933 this system was used in particular in the dachau camp to reeducate the inmates who were political opponents of the regime using propaganda speeches and socalled national music, for. In the summer of 1944, a massive soviet offensive in eastern belarus annihilated german army group center. Adlers theresienstadt 19411945 is a foundational work in holocaust studies. By 1936, there were 5,000,000 inmates in these camps. United states holocaust memorial museum describes the universe of camps and ghettos, some 20,000 in all, that the nazis. The united states holocaust memorial museum encyclopedia. In january 1945, the third reich stood on the verge of military defeat.
And though the last of the concentraion camps would not be liberated until early may, international holocaust day is celebrated on january 27 each year. Daily life in the concentration camps united states. The victims were mostly jews but also included roma, slavs, homosexuals, alleged mental defectives, and. Six camps meet this definition, though extermination of people happened at every sort of concentration camp or transit camp. The terms extermination camp vernichtungslager and death camp todeslager were interchangeable in the nazi system, each referring to camps whose primary function was genocide.
Nazi germany maintained concentration camps german. Commander of einsatzkommando 10a, moldova, south ukraine, the crimea, and north caucasus, june 1941 july 1942. The nazis distinguished between extermination and concentration camps. Today the holocaust is viewed as the emblematic manifestation of absolute evil. A history of the nazi concentration camps wachsmann, nikolaus on. If you were assigned to read a holocaust diary in school, it was most likely anne franks. The german camps in occupied poland during world war ii were built by the nazis between 1939 and 1945 throughout the territory of the polish republic, both in the areas annexed in 1939, and in the general government formed by nazi germany in the central part of the country see map. Four years after she set sail from england, leaving everything she most loved behind, maisie. Family and the abe and ida cooper foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the holocaust encyclopedia. This article presents a partial list of the most prominent nazi concentration camps and. Browse the amazon editors picks for the best books of 2019, featuring our favorite. Yet, this pivotal episode unfolded across north africa and reverberated through politics, literature, memoir, and memorymuslim as well as jewishin the postwar years. The first inmates mostly polish political prisoners were brought there in june 1940 and were used for slave labour. Nov 16, 2017 about half a million of people were sent to these camps, and estimation says that more than one hundred thousand died out of diseases, hunger, poor treatments, punishments, torture, and murder.
By the end of the war, 22 main concentration camps were established, together with around 1,200 affiliate camps, aussenkommandos, and thousands of smaller camps. By the end of world war ii, the nazis administered a massive system of more than 40,000 camps that stretched across europe from the frenchspanish border into the conquered soviet territories, and as far south as greece. List of books and articles about holocaust education online. The united states holocaust memorial museum encyclopedia of. Search below to view digital records and find material that you can access at our library and at the shapell center. Learn about over 1,000 camps and ghettos in volume i and ii of. German camps in occupied poland during world war ii wikipedia. Dachau founded 1933, sachsenhausen 1936, buchenwald 1937, flossenburg in northeastern bavaria near the 1937 czech border 1938, mauthausen, near linz. A must for anyone planning on visiting the concentration camps of europe.
The main gate into auschwitz ii birkenau concentration camp, where an estimated 1. Dachau was created in 1933 and was one of the first nazi concentration camps. Dachau, the first concentration camp, was established near munich in march 1933, two months after hitlers appointment as chancellor of germany. Only three months later, the organization of administration and guard duties, as well as the pattern of illtreatment of prisoners, had. This is a list of major perpetrators of the holocaust. This section covers the history of several subcamps the concentration camps. Unlike the concentration camps of the nazi, here it was more an issue of neglect rather than a will of extermination. At the grossrosen concentration camp, the number of subcamps was 97. This section covers the history of major concentration camps.
By reading this article you will gain elementary knowledge about the holocaust and auschwitz. By the time the germans invaded poland in september 1939, unleashing world war ii, there were six concentration camps in the socalled greater german reich. However, after the soviet union was formed in the 1922, the soviet government started sending many more people to forced labor camps. Part of a highly organized system intended to decimate europes jewish population and other groups deemed undesirable by adolf hitlers regime, these detention and extermination facilities enabled genocide to a degree never before seen in modern history. The boy in the striped pajamas by john boyne, rose under fire by elizabeth wein, the hiding place. The first concentration camp in the nazi system, dachau, opened in march, 1933. List of books and articles about holocaust education. Approximately one million people died in concentration camps over the course of the holocaust.
Concentration camps, 193339 the holocaust encyclopedia. The ten worst nazi concentration camps war history online. In some camps prescribed music was forced on the inmates in a second way. The incredible true story of three pregnant mothers and their courage and determination to survive in the concentration camps 714. Early camps, youth camps, and concentration camps and subcamps under the ssbusiness administration main office wvha volume 1 of the united states holocaust memorial museum encyclopedia of camps and ghettos, 19331945. Collections search united states holocaust memorial.
Night delivers an autobiographical account of elie wiesel s survival in one of the deadliest camps of the holocaust. Courtesy of the wiener holocaust library collections. It was opened in 1933 by heinrich himmler, one of the most notable names to come out of the holocaust, head of the ss and police. A vr journey through the concentration camps of the holocaust. The first concentration camp set up during the holocaust was dachau, in germany, at the site of an abandoned munitions factory. Feb, 2018 a vr journey through the concentration camps of the holocaust.
It will look into those involved and where and when important events took place, to try and establish a clear picture of the extent of what has happened. Auschwitz was the nazis largest concentration and extermination camp. The museums collections document the fate of holocaust victims, survivors, rescuers, liberators, and others through artifacts, documents, photos, films, books, personal stories, and more. The mayor of munich at the time described the camp as a place to detain political opponents of the nazi policy. The locations of the various concentration camps from the holocaust during world war 2. Jan 27, 2020 dachau, the first nazi concentration camp, opened in 1933, shortly after adolf hitler 18891945 became chancellor of germany. This article presents a partial list of the most prominent nazi concentration camps and extermination camps set up across europe before and during the course of world war ii and the holocaust. This book was tough to read because wiesel details just what life was like under nazi rule in a camp that was filled with. T he nazis set up their first concentration camp, dachau, in the wake of hitlers takeover of power in 1933. Volume 1, early camps, youth camps, and concentration camps and subcamps under the ssbusiness administration main office wvha. This section covers the history of all the major extermination centers the forgotten camps. Nazi germany maintained concentration camps throughout the territories it controlled before. List of books and articles about holocaust online research. The united states holocaust memorial museum encyclopedia of camps and ghettos, 19331945.
Holocaust memorial museum has documented a staggering 42,500 ghettos, slavelabor and concentration camps, brothels, and other facilities for the confinement andor murder of jews in german controlled areas from france to russia in the years 193345a. Shortly after that offensive, ss chief heinrich himmler ordered that prisoners in all concentration camps and subcamps be forcibly evacuated toward the interior of the reich. Aug 01, 2014 concentration camps, the epicenters of nazi atrocities, represent a harrowing chapter of world and human history. It was founded on himmlers orders on the 27th of april 1940, close to the small polish town of oswiecim. Holocaust concentration camps, jewish history, books. The victims were mostly jews but also included roma, slavs, homosexuals, alleged mental defectives, and others. Heinrich himmler took over in 1934 and start arresting racially undesirable elements jews, gypsies, jehovahs witnesses, homosexuals, and the mentally disabled. Auschwitz concentration camp was the place of one of the most terrible genocide in the history of mankind, which everyone should know about. About half a million of people were sent to these camps, and estimation says that more than one hundred thousand died out of diseases, hunger, poor treatments, punishments, torture, and murder.
Its author, elie wiesel, was born in what is now romania and survived several concentration camps, and in night, he puts into hauntingly. Used mainly to incarcerate german political prisoners until late 1938, whereupon large numbers of jews, gypsies, jehovahs witnesses, homosexuals, and other supposed enemies of the state and antisocial elements were sent as well. The holocaust is usually understood as a european story. German camps in occupied poland during world war ii. Nazi concentration camps united states holocaust memorial. The first nazi camps were erected in germany in march 1933 immediately after hitler became chancellor and his nazi party was given control of the police by reich interior minister wilhelm frick and prussian acting interior minister. Soviet forces then overran the first of the major nazi concentration camps, lublinmajdanek. Over the several phases of their existence, the nazi camps took on the aspects of all of. Stones seminal work on the liberation of the camp is not just one of the first books that looks at the history of the camps and the holocaust directly beyond liberation, it also introduces some of the newest source discoveries in the field. Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the holocaust. Online shopping for holocaust jewish from a great selection at books store. Concentration camps, the epicenters of nazi atrocities, represent a harrowing chapter of world and human history. Discover librarianselected research resources on concentration camps from the questia online library, including fulltext online books, academic journals, magazines, newspapers and more. The united states holocaust memorial museum encyclopedia of camps and ghettos, 19331945, volume i.
Slave labor in nazi concentration camps examines the slave labor carried out by concentration camp prisoners from 1942 and the effect this had on the german wartime economy. This section covers the history of major concentration camps the list of the camps this huge list contains the names of hundreds concentration camps, external kommando or auxiliary camps and. This work goes far beyond the sociohistorical reconstructions that dominate holocaust studies it combines cultural history with structural history, drawing relationships between social structures and individual. Six camps meet this definition, though extermination of people happened at every sort of. First commander of ss division totenkopf, which became notorious for its war crimes. Frank provided an undeniably important and touching account, and it is only complemented by berrs. Love, lies and justice on the trail of a nazi fugitive 16 apr 2020.
Concentration camp simple english wikipedia, the free. This work goes far beyond the sociohistorical reconstructions that dominate holocaust studies it combines cultural history with structural history, drawing. The end of the holocaust and its aftermath by dan stone 2015. List of major perpetrators of the holocaust wikipedia. The holocaust the book looks at the situation in which the holocaust was able to take place. Research family history relating to the holocaust and explore the museums collections about individual survivors and victims of the holocaust and nazi persecution. It was the first of 22 main concentration camps that would be set up, along with. An estimated 15 to 20 million people were imprisoned in 42,500 camps and ghettos, and often pressed into slavery during the subsequent years, according to research by the united states holocaust memorial museum conducted more recently. January 27, 2020 marks 75 years since the soviets liberated auschwitz, the largest of the concentration camps during the reign of nazi germany. German pows watching footage of the concentration camps in 1945. Holocaust, the systematic statesponsored killing of six million jewish men, women, and children and millions of others by nazi germany and its collaborators during world war ii.
Encyclopedia of jewish and israeli history, politics and culture, with biographies, statistics, articles and documents on topics from antisemitism to zionism. Russia used prison camps, especially in places in the arctic or siberia, a long way from the main cities. Erected in 1933, dachau was the first nazi concentration camp. Some of the major concentration and slave labour camps consisted of dozens of subsidiary camps scattered over a broad area. After the 1941 german attack on the soviet union, a much greater system of camps was established, including the. In 1933, the first nazi concentration camp was built in dachau, germany to imprison dissidents. Auschwitz concentration camp true story of holocaust. Resistance in the nazi concentration camps, 19381945 by hermann langbein.
The cuban holocaust no one talks about that inspired the nazi. The cuban holocaust no one talks about that inspired the. This huge list contains the names of hundreds concentration camps, external kommando or auxiliary camps and, when known, the names of the german companies who used inmates as slaves. Holocaust concentration camps, jewish history, books barnes. How the nazi concentration camps worked the new yorker. Holocaust memorial museum has documented a staggering 42,500 ghettos, slavelabor and concentration camps, brothels, and other facilities for the confinement andor murder of jews in german controlled areas from france to russia in the years 193345a much higher number than originally thought.
184 1341 1063 208 776 844 1131 53 979 296 1363 1311 296 304 865 787 1441 1388 1488 1537 328 1475 850 874 810 1022 1003 664 857 25 1367 269 524 1065 960 1175 103 1016 963